356 BC Herostratus burned the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, in order to attain lasting fame

514 Election of Pope Hormisdas (514-523), later canonized

1031 Henry I succeeds Robert II as King of France

1187 Saladin captures Jaffa

1346 Battle of Zara: The Venetians defeat the Hungarians

1402 Battle of Angora: The Tatars defeat the Ottoman Turks

1502 Cesare Borgia captures Camerino

1805 Over protests about the sea state by his admirals (one of whom he fires and exiles), Napoleon orders a review of the fleet at Boulogne, hundreds drown.

1808 Battle of Bailen: The Spanish defeat the French

1810 Colombia declares independence from Spain

1812 USS 'Nautilus' captured by the Royal Navy

1813 Battle of Sorauren, Day 3: Anglo-Spanish defeat the French

1846 USSs 'Columbus' & 'Vincennes' fail to "open" Japan

1858 Gathering of Plombieres: Napoleon III and Cavour plot war with Austria

1860 Battle of Milazzo, Sicily: Garibaldi defeats Borbon troops

1861 Confederate Congress convenes at Richmond

1864 Battle of Peachtree Creek: Confederates defeated

1866 Battle of Lissa: Austrian fleet defeats the Italian fleet in the Adriatic

1871 Queen Victoria abolishes the practice of purchasing commissions in the British Army

1881 Sioux leader Sitting Bull surrenders to federal troops

1899 Five Italian-Americans are lynched in Tallulah, Louisiana

1913 Turks retake Adrianople from the Bulgarians

1914 Grand review of the Royal Navy off the Isle of Wight for King George V

1917 Eugene Jacque Bullard, black American Foreign Legionnaire, is commissioned a fighter pilot in the Lafayette Flying Corps

1942 Congress creates the Legion of Merit

1942 First WAACs begin basic training

1942 German raider 'Thor' sinks a British freighter in the Indian Ocean.

1943 Kula Gulf: two Japanese DDs are sunk by U.S. aircraft

1943 Solomons: Japanese sub damages Australian CL Hobart.

1944 Death March of 1,200 Jews begins from Lipcani, Moldavia

1944 Marines land on Guam.

1944 The July Plot: Hitler isn't assassinated

1944 Battle of the Philippine Sea: Japanese CV 'Hiyo' sunk by US air attack

1945 Gala harbor reception for 15,000 men of the 44th Inf Div (NY/NJ NG) as they arrive at Pier 90, Manhattan, aboard the 'Queen Elizabeth'

1945 USS 'Threadfin' (SS-410) sinks Japanese 'Minesweeper No. 39' in the Yellow Sea.

1948 US reinstitutes the draft, for the Cold War

1949 Israel's 19-month war of independence ends

1969 The First Moon Landing: Apollo XI astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin

1974 Responding to attacks on Turkish residents, Turkey invades Cyprus

1976 Last US troops leave Thailand

1982 IRA bombs explode in two London parks