480 BC Battle of Salamis [Alt]

451 Battle of Chalons-sur-Marne: Aetius' Romans & Theoderic's Visigoths defeat Attila's Huns

622 Mohammad's Hegira [Alt]

1066 Battle of Fulford: Harald Haardrada of Norway defeats Earls Morcar & Edwin

1152 The Parmesans destroy Borgo San Donnino (Fidenza)

1183 French massacre 7,000 Brabantois mercenaries at Chateaudun1187Saladin besieges Jerusalem

1378 Cardinal Robert of Geneva becomes Anti-Pope as Clement VII, d. 1394

1565 Spaniards capture Fort Caroline, Fla, & massacre the French settlers

1643 Battle of Newbury: Parliamentarians defeat Royalists

1697 Peace of Ryswick/Saki: ends the War of the League of Augsburg/Nine Year's War/War of the English Succession/King William's War (1688-1697)

1700 The Prince of Macchia initiates an anti-Spanish coup at Naples (fails Sep 23)

1703 First Battle of Hochstadt: French & Bavarians defeat the Imperialists

1792 The Battle of Valmy: French artillery throws back a Prussian invasion.

1797 US frigate 'Constitution' - "Old Ironsides" - launched in Boston

1822 José de San Martin resigns the leadership of the Revolutionary movement in Peru and goes into voluntary exile

1850 Slave sales are abolished in the District of Columbia1854Battle of the Alma: British & French defeat the Russians

1857 British retake Delhi from the Sepoy mutineers

1860 The Prince of Wales visits New York, causing the Fighting 69th to "mutiny"

1861 Confederates capture Lexington, Mo (invested on the 12th)

1862 Otto von Bismarck says Germany needs "Blood and Iron"

1863 Battle of Chickamauga ends in Confederate victory

1863 Battle of Shepherdstown, Va.

1870 Italian troops capture Rome from Pope Pius IX

1881 Former New York QM General Chester Arthur sworn in as president

1912 Montenegro invades Turkey, igniting the First Balkan War

1941 Italian UDT teams sink three ships in Gibraltar harbor

1950 Omar Bradley is promoted to five-star rank as a General of the Army

1955 "Navy Log" premiers on CBS, later moves to ABC, runs for 102 shows over two seasons

1955 "You'll Never Get Rich" premieres on CBS ("Sgt Bilko"), runs for 142 episodes through 1959

1979 A coup ousts Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African Empire (Dec 4, 1976 - Sep 20, 1979), restoring a republic

1984 Hezbollah suicide bombing of the U.S. Embassy in Beirut, 25 die